Braces, or orthodontic appliances, are a common and effective way to correct crooked teeth and bite issues. They’re used to improve both dental function and aesthetics. But before starting treatment, it’s helpful to understand how braces actually work and why they’re needed. The more you know, the easier it becomes to follow the process and achieve the best possible result.

How do braces straighten teeth?

Braces work by applying gentle, consistent pressure that slowly moves your teeth into the right position. This pressure affects both the teeth and the bone they’re anchored in. When pressure is applied:

• Bone on one side of the tooth begins to break down.
• At the same time, new bone builds up on the opposite side.
• This allows the tooth to gradually shift into the correct position.

This biological process is called bone remodeling, and it's the key reason why braces work over time.

What parts make up a brace?

A standard set of braces includes several components, each with a specific role:

• Brackets: Small fixtures glued to each tooth that hold the archwire in place.
• Archwire: A thin metal wire that runs through the brackets and applies pressure to move the teeth.
• Elastics (rubber bands): Sometimes used to help adjust the bite, especially between upper and lower jaws.
• Retainers: Worn after the braces come off to keep teeth in their new positions.

Different types of braces – how do they work?

There are several types of braces, all of which work by applying pressure to move the teeth. However, they vary in design, placement, and visibility. Here's a breakdown of the most common types and how they function:

Metal Braces (Traditional)

These are the most common type and have been used for decades with reliable results. Metal brackets are attached to each tooth and connected by an archwire.

• Teeth are moved through adjustments made to the wire at regular checkups.
• Very effective, especially for complex cases.
• Highly visible but often more affordable.
• Extremely durable and suitable for most patients.

Ceramic Braces

Ceramic braces work the same way as metal ones but use clear or tooth-colored brackets, making them less noticeable.

• Apply the same type of pressure as metal braces.
• More discreet, often preferred by teens and adults.
• Slightly more fragile than metal brackets.
• Can stain if oral hygiene isn’t maintained properly.

Lingual Braces

Lingual braces are placed on the inside (tongue side) of the teeth, making them completely hidden from view.

• Work like traditional braces but are placed behind the teeth.
• Offer full invisibility from the outside.
• May feel strange at first and can affect speech initially.
• Require precise application and adjustment.

Invisalign (Clear Aligners)

Invisalign and similar systems use clear plastic trays to move the teeth gradually instead of wires and brackets.

• Patients receive a series of trays that are swapped out every 1–2 weeks.
• The trays fit snugly and apply gentle pressure to shift the teeth.
• Can be removed when eating or brushing, making daily life easier.
• Must be worn at least 22 hours per day for effective results.

How long does treatment with braces take?

Treatment time varies depending on several factors:

• The initial position and condition of the teeth.
• The type of braces used.
• The patient’s age (children’s teeth usually move faster).
• How well the patient follows instructions.

In most cases, treatment takes between 12 and 24 months, but it can be shorter or longer depending on the situation.

Do braces hurt?

It’s normal to feel some soreness or tension in the teeth a few days after getting braces or following adjustments.

• The discomfort is usually mild and fades within a few days.
• Over-the-counter pain relievers like paracetamol or ibuprofen can help.
• Eating soft foods during the first few days can also ease discomfort.

Important care tips during treatment

Taking care of your braces is essential for both successful results and good oral health:

• Brush thoroughly using a soft-bristled toothbrush and use interdental brushes or special floss designed for braces.
• Avoid hard or sticky foods that can damage the braces (like popcorn, caramels, or hard nuts).
• Limit sugary snacks and drinks to prevent cavities around the brackets.
  

If your braces break or come loose, contact your clinic immediately to avoid delays in your treatment.

After the braces – what happens next?

When your braces are removed, the journey isn't quite over. Teeth have a natural tendency to shift back to their old positions. That’s why retainers are used to hold them in place.

• Retainers can be either removable or fixed.
• They should be worn as instructed to keep your results stable.
• Follow-up appointments may be needed during the first year after treatment.

Summary and next steps

Braces work by applying gentle, continuous pressure to guide your teeth into their ideal positions. Understanding how the system works can make the process feel less intimidating and help you stay motivated during treatment.

Curious if braces are right for you? Book a free consultation with our clinic today for a personalized assessment and expert advice.